Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936) was born in Bombay but returned to England, at age six, to be cared for by a couple whose cruelty became the basis of his work. Recognized as an incomparable interpreter of the British Empire, Kipling wrote “The Man Who Would Be King” (1888) about the imperial impulses of military campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq. Author of the poems “Mandalay” and “Gunga Din” as well as classics such as The Jungle Books and Just So Stories, Kipling was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1907.