Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821–1890) was an English scholar-explorer and the author of forty-three classic narratives of exploration, including Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah, the story of traveling in Muslim disguise to measure the Ka’bah; First Footsteps in East Africa, a chronicle of being the first European to enter the citadel of Harar without being executed; City of the Saints, a the tale of stagecoach journey to Salt Lake City; and Lake Regions of Central Africa, about the discovery of Lake Tanganyika. Fluent in forty languages, Burton translated The Arabian Nights and The Kama Sutra.